The next item within the C++ model is the systems management libraries. At first, their position in the model may be somewhat confusing. This section of the model is intended to offer low level services which are required in parallel systems. An example of this would be a function call to return the next available processor in a distributed system. Thus it is clear that these services are not necessarily part of a standard C++ library, but are required in the model. Indeed, they may not even be implemented in C++, or even EC++. What is required however is that they have a C++/EC++ interface which is accessible by the applications programmer. It is also clear that the contents of this section will depend on the hardware architecture(s) that a particular instantiation of EC++ is aimed at.
It is also misleading to think that both the DP libraries and the C++ language are expressed exclusively in terms of the systems management level, but they should be seen as a higher level of the model as they may use some of the services offered by the systems management layer, and indeed they are required to ensure a standard EC++/C++ interface to it.